Final answer:
Ratio variables have both equal intervals and an absolute zero point; therefore, the correct answer is d) Ratio. Ratio scales allow computation of differences and ratios between data points, and include data like test scores where one can score twice as high as another.
Step-by-step explanation:
Variables that have both equal intervals and an absolute zero point, which indicates the absence of the variable being measured, are known as ratio variables. Therefore, the answer to the question is d) Ratio.
Ratio scales provide the most information among levels of measurement because they tell us about the order, they have an absolute zero value, and they also allow the computation of differences and ratios between data points. For example, score values on a test represent ratio data. If one student scores 80 and another scores 40 on a test, not only do we know that the former scored higher than the latter, but we can also say that they scored twice as much.
Other levels of measurement include:
- Nominal scale level: Data that cannot be ordered nor used in calculations, such as colors or labels.
- Ordinal scale level: Data that can be ordered, but the differences cannot be precisely measured, like class rankings.
- Interval scale level: Data with definite ordering and measurable differences, but no true zero point, like temperature in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Duration (amount of time) is an example of quantitative continuous data, as it can be measured in units that can have infinitely many values between them. The number of times something happens per week is an example of quantitative discrete data, as it is countable with only whole numbers.