Final answer:
The Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA) data set is essentially an Explanation of Benefits (EOB) provided by insurance companies to healthcare providers, detailing the payment and coverage of a medical claim.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA) data set is most accurately described as B) Explanation of Benefits (EOB). The ERA is a statement sent by a health insurance company to healthcare providers that details the payment of a medical claim and provides a breakdown of what the insurance covers for specific services rendered to a patient. It typically includes information similar to an EOB such as the amount billed, the amount covered by insurance, any deductibles, co-pays, or coinsurance amounts, as well as any denials or adjustments.