Final answer:
Active immunity results when an individual's immune system produces antibodies in response to an infection or vaccination, and is classified as natural or artificial depending on the method of exposure to the antigen. Vaccination results in artificially acquired active immunity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of immunity that results from the production of antibodies by an individual following an infection or vaccination is active immunity. This can further be classified as either natural active immunity, in the case of exposure to an actual pathogen, or artificial active immunity, in the scenario of immunizations.
When a vaccine is administered, it introduces a killed or weakened pathogen, or a piece of a pathogen such as a protein, into the body without causing the disease. This stimulates the immune system to form an immunological memory, leading to a weakened primary immune response. This is a clear example of artificially acquired active immunity, as it involves the deliberate exposure to an antigen in a controlled way to provoke an immune response and build immunity.
In contrast, passive immunity is a form of immunity where antibodies are transferred to an individual rather than produced within the individual's own body. An example of this would be the immunity passed from mother to fetus through the placenta, which is a form of natural passive immunity.