Final answer:
VCOAs or Visual Climb Over Airport procedures can be published as either Vector ODPs or Charted ODPs, providing headings or graphical depictions, respectively, for pilots to climb safely before transitioning to instrument flight.
Step-by-step explanation:
VCOAs, or Visual Climb Over Airport procedures, can be published either as Vector ODPs (Obstacle Departure Procedures) or Charted ODPs. These procedures are developed to allow aircraft to visually climb to a safe altitude before proceeding with the instrument portion of their departure when instrument conditions exist, or when departing from an airport where instrument conditions do not allow for standard instrument departures. Vector ODPs provide headings to fly after departure until reaching a specified altitude, while charted ODPs are depicted graphically for pilots to follow.