Final answer:
The Flight Duty Period begins when a crew member reports for duty before takeoff and ends after the last flight upon landing, to ensure rest and prevent fatigue.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Flight Duty Period (FDP) refers to a period that begins when a flight crew member is required to report for duty with the intention of operating a flight, and it ends after the last flight on which they are a crew member has ended and there is no further intention for another flight. The correct answer to the question regarding when the Flight Duty Period begins and ends is: Before takeoff to after landing. It is not defined from sunrise to sunset, not categorized from midnight to midnight, and is certainly not as per the captain's discretion. The FDP ensures that pilots and crew have adequate rest between flights to maintain safety and prevent fatigue.