Final answer:
Petroleum has overtaken coal as the largest energy source in the United States due to its higher energy density, heavy reliance in the transportation sector, and advancements in extraction technologies making it more efficient. The move towards reducing carbon emissions also contributes to petroleum's dominance over coal.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question "Which of the following options correctly explain why petroleum has overtaken coal as the largest energy source in the United States?" sheds light on the shift in the primary energy source for the United States over the years. The key factors contributing to this change are of a multifaceted nature, including environmental concerns, efficiency in production, and demand patterns.
The most accurate reasons from the provided options are:
- A) Petroleum has a higher energy density than coal, which means it can produce more energy per unit compared to coal, thus it is more efficient for power generation and as a fuel.
- C) The transportation sector heavily relies on petroleum-based fuels. As this sector accounts for a significant portion of energy consumption, the reliance on petroleum has made it a predominant energy source.
- E) Technological advancements have made petroleum extraction more efficient. Improved technologies have reduced costs and increased the production rates for petroleum, enhancing its competitiveness over coal.
Additionally, the shift towards reducing carbon emissions has also encouraged a move away from coal towards alternative energy sources, including natural gas and renewables. Petroleum, being more versatile and cleaner-burning than coal, has seen heightened use particularly in the transportation and industrial sectors.