Final answer:
The statement is referring to 'Privilege,' which is an advantage certain groups have simply by belonging to a specific social category, often linked to a dominant group like white privilege.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'This comes to people simply because they happen to belong to a particular social category' refers to B. Privilege. Privilege is an advantage or set of advantages that one group has over another, often without realizing it themselves. These advantages come simply by being a part of a particular dominant group. Institutional discrimination can promote a group's status, such as in the case of white privilege, which consists of benefits that people receive just by being part of the dominant majority. Most people within the dominant group, like white people, might admit that others may live with disadvantages due to their status but are less likely to acknowledge the advantages they receive through no action of their own.