Final answer:
Research found a positive correlation between the percentage of parole requests granted by judges and the time elapsed since their last meal. This is an example where the increase in one variable (time since eating) is associated with an increase in another (likelihood to grant parole). The strength of this correlation is measured by a coefficient close to +1 for strong positive correlations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Israeli and American researchers found a positive correlation between the percentage of parole requests granted by Israeli judges and the length of time since the judges had eaten. This means that the longer the time since the judges had last eaten, the higher the likelihood they would grant a parole request. This situation exemplifies a positive correlation where one variable increases with the increase of the other. As with other examples of positive correlations, such as an individual's height and weight, or age and number of wrinkles, when the judges become hungrier (more time since they've eaten), the incidence of granting parole requests also goes up.
In terms of the correlation coefficient, which measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables, the closer the number is to +1, the stronger the positive correlation. Similarly, the closer the number is to -1, the stronger the negative correlation. However, a coefficient close to 0 indicates a weak or no correlation, meaning there is little to no predictable relationship between the variables.