Final answer:
Individuals with spinal cord injuries still experience emotions, which provides evidence that contradicts the James-Lange theory of emotion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question addresses the James-Lange theory of emotion, which posits that physiological arousal precedes and informs our emotional experience. According to research by Chwalisz, Diener, & Gallagher (1988), individuals with spinal cord injuries who cannot feel their internal organs due to paralysis still experience emotions. Although their emotional experiences may be less intense, this finding contradicts the James-Lange theory to some extent, as it suggests that full physiological arousal is not necessary for emotions to occur.