Final answer:
The invisible line in the center of the x-ray beam and perpendicular to the long axis of the x-ray tube is called the central ray.
Step-by-step explanation:
The answer to the question about an invisible line in the center of the x-ray beam and perpendicular to the long axis of the x-ray tube is known as the central ray. This is a fundamental concept within the field of radiographic imaging, particularly within the context of the physics of x-ray production and geometric optics.