Final answer:
An ovum lives for about 24 hours in the female reproductive tract after ovulation, whereas sperm can survive for 3-5 days within the fallopian tubes.
Step-by-step explanation:
An ovum, or egg, can survive in the female reproductive tract for approximately 24 hours following ovulation. Ovulation generally occurs around the midpoint of the menstrual cycle, for instance on day 14 of a 28-day cycle. If not fertilized within this period, the egg then deteriorates. On the other hand, sperm can survive in the fallopian tubes for a longer duration, typically 3-5 days, giving a window of opportunity for fertilization if intercourse happens a few days before ovulation.