Final answer:
Achieved Status (B) is the term for social status based on individual accomplishments and choices.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for a social status based on talents, actions, efforts, choices, and accomplishments is B. Achieved Status. Achieved status contrasts with ascribed status, which refers to the social status one is born with and does not choose, such as race or family heritage. Achieved status is a key concept in sociology, reflecting the types of statuses that individuals can attain through their direct actions and choices. Examples of achieved statuses include becoming a self-made millionaire, graduating from college, or gaining recognition in a chosen profession. These are statuses that reflect personal effort, skill, or choice, rather than those assigned at birth.