Final answer:
In archaeology, the provenance is the precise three-dimensional location of an object at an archaeological site, recorded when the artefact is in situ and crucial for maintaining the primary context.
Step-by-step explanation:
In archaeology, the precise three-dimensional location of an object on an archaeological site is called its provenance. Provenance refers to the location where an artifact is first found and is usually recorded when the artefact is still in situ, or before it has been moved from its original position. Understanding an object's provenance is essential for maintaining its primary context, which is the context of an artifact that has not been disturbed since its original deposition. This is crucial in archaeology as it allows for the understanding of the significance, the relationships between objects, and often the approximate age of the artifacts.
Archaeological excavation is a methodical and detailed process that includes the use of a grid system to divide the site into square sections. This aids in the systematic documentation and mapping of all artifacts and features. Along with provenance, archaeologists may employ a variety of other techniques, such as chronometric dating methods and an analysis of ecofacts, to gather further information about the historical context of their finds.