Final answer:
Theories for why archaic states arose include integrative and conflict pressures. The rise of archaic states can be attributed to a combination of economic, social, and political factors that vary across different societies and regions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Theories for why archaic states arose include integrative pressures and conflict pressures. Integrative pressures refer to the centralization of political power over time, stimulated by population growth, increasing social stratification, and regional trade. Conflict pressures arise from the need to manage internal and external threats to power, such as warfare, conquest, and social inequality. For example, the Aztec state of Mesoamerica arose from a combination of integrative and conflict pressures. The Mexica migrants established their own city and joined forces with neighboring states to build military might and generate wealth through agriculture, crafts, and trade. Overall, the rise of archaic states can be attributed to a combination of economic, social, and political factors that vary across different societies and regions.