Final answer:
Tribal leadership is often based on prowess, personality, cultural and religious values, and community wealth. It can be determined spontaneously in hunter-gatherer societies or through inherited positions in agricultural societies with chiefs. Leadership roles can expand to form larger political alliances and empires.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tribal leadership is often based on various factors such as prowess, personality, cultural and religious values, and community wealth. In hunter-gatherer societies, leadership roles were determined spontaneously and were based on specific tasks or activities. In agricultural societies with chiefs, leadership was based on control of community wealth and the ability to distribute it. Additionally, tribal leadership can be based on inherited positions of community leadership, which may expand to form larger political alliances and regional empires.