Final answer:
The purpose of excavation and survey techniques in archaeology is to uncover and document cultural artifacts and features from the past.
Step-by-step explanation:
The purpose of excavation and survey techniques in archaeology is to uncover and document cultural artifacts and features from the past. Excavation is the process of carefully removing the soil to reveal artifacts and features, while survey techniques help archaeologists locate potential sites and gather information about their layout and context.
Excavation involves dividing the site into grids and cataloging artifacts and features as they are found. This allows archaeologists to understand the spatial relationships between different items and reconstruct the history of the site. Survey techniques, on the other hand, help archaeologists identify promising areas for excavation and create a comprehensive picture of the site.