Final answer:
The three types of tests developed by Yerkes during WWI were the Army Alpha, Army Beta, and officer skill tests. The Army Beta was specifically for illiterate or non-English-speaking recruits, making it the correct multiple-choice answer (c). These tests profoundly influenced military and employment screening procedures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Yerkes' Three Types of Tests in the U.S. Army
During World War I, psychologists such as Yerkes played a significant role in the U.S. military by developing assessment methods for recruits. The three types of tests devised under Yerkes' guidance were designed to streamline the selection and placement process within the U.S. Army.
- The Army Alpha test was an assessment tool used to measure mental abilities in literate, English-speaking recruits.
- The Army Beta was a non-verbal version of the test intended for those who were illiterate or not fluent in English. Therefore, the correct answer to the student’s multiple-choice question is (c) Army Beta.
- The third type encompassed performance ratings and various skill tests for officers, an initiative organized by Scott and Bingham under the Adjutant General's Office (AGO).
These assessments were groundbreaking at the time and paved the way for modern psychological and vocational testing within the military and beyond.