Final answer:
During Europe's Dark Ages, the Middle East had a golden age of astronomy. Al-Khwarizmi, an important figure from this time, made significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy.
Step-by-step explanation:
During Europe's Dark Ages, while Europe was experiencing a decline in astronomy, the Middle East had a golden age of astronomy. One notable figure from this time is Al-Khwarizmi, who made important contributions to the field of mathematics and astronomy. Al-Khwarizmi invented algebra and contributed to the study of astronomical tables and trigonometry. His works, including the book titled 'The Calculation with Hindu Numerals,' were influential in preserving and transmitting ancient Greek astronomical knowledge.