Final answer:
Calcium is the mineral that exists in the highest quantity in the human body, essential for various physiological processes and maintaining bone and tooth health.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the human body, the mineral that exists in the highest quantity is calcium. Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone, but it is also the most abundant in the entire body. Calcium ions play a vital role in physiological processes including bone mineralization, dental health, heart rate regulation, blood coagulation, muscle contraction, and nerve impulse conduction. The normal level of calcium in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. Other major minerals include sodium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus, but calcium outpaces them in terms of quantity in the body.