Final answer:
Dependence is the term for an acquired need for a drug that leads to withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation. It includes both physical and psychological forms and is distinct from tolerance, which is the need to increase drug dosage to achieve the same effect.
Step-by-step explanation:
An acquired need for a drug that may produce psychological and/or physical symptoms of withdrawal when the drug is discontinued is called dependence. This condition occurs when cessation of drug use produces withdrawal symptoms, which may include a range of physical and psychological effects. Physical dependence involves changes in normal bodily functions and is associated with physical withdrawal symptoms, while psychological dependence is an emotional need for the drug, often used to relieve psychological distress. Tolerance is a related concept, where a drug user requires more and more of a given drug to experience the same effects, which can lead to increased usage and potentially overdose and death. Addiction refers to the compulsive use of a substance despite negative consequences. Sustained use of an addictive drug can produce either form of dependence. Notably, psychological dependence, or drug craving, is a significant factor in substance use disorders as it can develop even in cases where physical dependence does not lead to misuse or abuse of the substance.