Final answer:
T.H. Morgan used fruit fly experiments to confirm that specific traits are inherited via chromosomes, supporting the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance and its role in evolution.
Step-by-step explanation:
Thomas Hunt Morgan conducted experiments on fruit flies to test Mendel's genetic laws. Through his research on Drosophila melanogaster, Morgan confirmed the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance by demonstrating a direct correlation between chromosome behavior during meiosis and genetic inheritance. He discovered that specific traits were linked to chromosomes, and through observed fruit fly characteristics, he provided the first experimental evidence supporting this theory. Morgan's work expanded our understanding of evolution by confirming that chromosomes carry genes which determine hereditary traits, thereby affecting evolutionary outcomes.