Final answer:
The extinction of Neandertals is attributed to a combination of factors, including competition with modern humans, environmental changes, and lower genetic diversity. Genetic research has shown evidence of interbreeding between Neandertals and modern humans, suggesting that assimilation may have occurred, giving modern humans an evolutionary advantage.
Step-by-step explanation:
What Happened to the Neanderthals?
The extinction of Neandertals is a complex topic with several theories. One theory suggests that modern humans outcompeted Neandertals through better resource use and more effective tools. Environmental changes may have also played a role, making conditions challenging for their survival. Genetic evidence indicates interbreeding between Neandertals and H. sapiens, which could imply assimilation rather than complete extinction. Additionally, Neandertals had lower genetic diversity, potentially making them more vulnerable to extinction pressures. Some combination of these factors is likely responsible for their decline.
Genetic Research and the Evolutionary Edge
Genetic research has been invaluable in understanding human evolution. It has shown that modern humans have Neandertal DNA, suggesting interbreeding occurred. This DNA analysis provides a link between modern humans and Neandertals, providing insight into how we may have gained an evolutionary edge over Neandertals. Factors such as tool-making ability, complex language, and social structures may have contributed to the success of modern humans.