Final answer:
Paleoanthropology is a specialization within physical anthropology focusing on fossil evidence to study human evolution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The specialization within physical anthropology that focuses on the fossil evidence for human evolution is known as paleoanthropology. This field of science studies the origins and predecessors of the present human species based on fossils and other remains. Paleoanthropologists examine the physical morphology of fossils, such as skulls and postcranial material, to hypothesize important developments in human evolution over time. They analyze fragmentary fossil evidence and raise questions about phylogenetic relationships and points of divergence, even as they work to understand ancient material culture including tools and artifacts.