Final answer:
Focal Vocabulary is the set of words important to certain groups, exemplified by the Inuit who have specific terms for snow. The notion of the Inuit having an excessive number of words for snow has been debunked and is a misconception stemming from the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is B. Focal Vocabulary. This term refers to a set of words and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups. An example often cited is the Inuit people, who are said to have multiple terms for ice and snow, though this example is based on a common misconception. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which suggests that language affects thought and perception, led to overstatements about the number of words for snow among Arctic peoples. In reality, as anthropologist Laura Martin documented, the Inuit have two root words related to snow, which are then modified to describe different types of snow, much like in English.