Final answer:
Enculturation is the social process by which culture is learned and transmitted across the generations, encompassing both values and norms. Cultural transmission is essential for the continuity and evolution of society, occurring via various methods including education and social interactions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Enculturation is the social process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations. This process involves both formal and informal mechanisms where individuals, especially the youth, are taught the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture. Culture is not static; it is preserved and transmitted from one generation to the next but also evolves through innovation and cultural diffusion.
Cultural transmission happens in various settings, such as through family traditions, educational systems, and peer interactions. An example of cultural transmission is when a student learns about cultural aspects of modern history in a classroom or the norms of asking a classmate on a date through social interactions. This process plays a key role in maintaining societal structures because it is through this transmission that ideas, values, and rituals are passed on, ensuring the continuity of a society's way of life.
Ultimately, cultural transmission is critical to both individuals and societies. It not only allows societies to perpetuate but also enables them to adapt and change while providing individuals with the necessary knowledge to function and thrive within their cultural context.
Answer: B. Enculturation