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A _______ is a scatter diagram with the residuals on the vertical axis and the explanatory variable on the horizontal axis.

a. Scatterplot
b. Residual Plot
c. Correlation Diagram
d. Regression Line Plot

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Final answer:

b. Residual Plot

A scatter diagram with the residuals on the vertical axis and the explanatory variable on the horizontal axis is known as a Residual Plot.

Step-by-step explanation:

A scatter diagram with the residuals on the vertical axis and the explanatory variable on the horizontal axis is called a Residual Plot. In statistical analysis, a residual plot is an important diagnostic tool that is used after fitting a regression model. It helps in checking the randomness of the residuals which implies that the model is adequately capturing the information in the data. A residual plot shows the residuals on the vertical axis and the independent variable (or the predicted values) on the horizontal axis. If the points in a residual plot are randomly dispersed around the horizontal axis, a linear regression model is appropriate for the data; otherwise, a non-linear model may be more suitable.

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