Final answer:
Cause-effect relationships look at why certain events happen (causes) and what results from them (effects). The Rescorla-Wagner model illustrates how a CS can predict a UCS. However, correlational research alone can't establish causation, which requires controlled experimental research.
Step-by-step explanation:
When examining cause-effect relationships, it is essential to pinpoint the reasons behind certain events and understand their consequences. In the context of Rescorla-Wagner model, the effect of a conditioned stimulus (CS) in predicting an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is highlighted. An example given involves Ari, whose anticipation of dinner consistently leads to hunger cues at a specific time, in contrast to Soraya, who has no fixed dinner schedule and thus a weaker predictive relationship between time and hunger.
In cause-and-effect writing, a persuasive model paragraph might discuss how a superstore affects local businesses. In this case, the cause is the superstore's opening leading to the effect of local businesses like Ray's grocery and Artie's Hardware going out of business due to competition on prices and variety.
It's important to note that correlational research, such as the Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), may show a connection between variables—like stress and health—but cannot establish causation. To assert a cause-and-effect relationship, experimental research must be performed, where variables can be controlled rigorously.