Final answer:
Forensic anthropology differentiates 'recent bodies' from 'historic/pre-historic' ones based on age and the associated challenges. Recent cases often involve decomposed bodies requiring speedy investigation, whereas historic remains focus on archaeological significance.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of forensic anthropology, recent bodies refer to human remains associated with contemporary cases, which often include soft tissue and require a shorter investigative timeline to solve a crime. On the other hand, historic/pre-historic remains are much older, generally only skeletal, and may carry historical or archaeological significance. The unique challenges in examining human remains from different time periods include the level of decomposition, which affects the methods used for identification and cause of death determination; the need for additional expertise like archaeology for older remains; and the depth of historical or cultural research required to contextualize findings.
Recent bodies, being part of ongoing cases, may require the expertise of forensic anthropologists to work alongside law enforcement and medical professionals in a rapid manner to identify victims and ascertain the cause of death. These cases often involve a combination of biological evidence such as tissue samples and external factors including the crime scene environment. In contrast, historic or pre-historic remains necessitate more specialized archaeological excavation techniques and often aid in understanding broader human behaviors and events from the past, such as the Jamestown colony case with evidence of cannibalism.
Forensic anthropologists must navigate these challenges by combining their knowledge of human osteology, excavation methods, and the scientific analysis of human remains to assist in both solving crimes and providing insights into past human societies.