Final answer:
Forensic anthropology is a branch of biological anthropology used in legal and crime scene investigations to analyze human remains and determine identities and causes of death. Physical anthropologists may also serve in forensic roles, and they work in other settings encompassing academia, industry, and conservation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Forensic Anthropology and Physical Anthropology: Forensic anthropology is a specialized field within biological anthropology that applies scientific methods to legal cases and crime scenes. It involves analyzing human remains to determine identity of individuals and the circumstances surrounding their deaths. Physical anthropologists may also provide expertise in forensics, often engaging in activities such as identifying human and animal remains, determining the cause of death, and providing expert testimony in courts. These anthropologists are involved in critical historical cases such as the excavation of the Jamestown colony and the analysis of human remains after disasters, like the Thailand tsunami in 2004. They work closely with law enforcement, medical examiners, and other forensic specialists to uncover vital evidence that can lead to the resolution of a case. The science of forensic anthropology includes archaeological excavation techniques, examination of hair, understanding of plant and insect evidence, and the analysis of skeletal and dental records to make identifications. In addition to forensic applications, physical anthropologists work in a range of settings including academia, museums, zoos, and various industries where they apply their knowledge of human anatomy and evolution. Their research might involve studying the human body's response to different conditions or improving ergonomic designs.