Final Answer:
The most likely cause of the issue is option c. You're using an incompatible JavaScript version.
Step-by-step explanation:
In JavaScript, compatibility issues often arise when different scripts on a web page use incompatible versions or features of the language. Option c suggests that the issue is related to using an incompatible JavaScript version. If your custom JavaScript function breaks upon installing a new app, it may be due to conflicting versions or features of JavaScript used by your function and the app.
It's important to ensure that the JavaScript code follows best practices, including wrapping code in closures (option b) to prevent variable conflicts, and also to check for compatibility issues, such as using the same JavaScript version as required by both your custom code and the app. Additionally, option d mentions the use of a ScriptTag resource, which might contribute to compatibility issues if not handled correctly. It's recommended to review the documentation of both your custom code and the app to identify and resolve any compatibility issues.