Final answer:
Decreased levels of 5-HIAA, a serotonin metabolite, in the CSF (C) are associated with increased aggression and violence, as lower serotonin levels in the brain can contribute to these behaviors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options presented, the one associated with violence and aggression is C. Decreased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the CSF. 5-HIAA is a metabolite of serotonin, and lower levels of serotonin in the brain have been linked to increased aggression and violent behavior.
Aberrations in certain neurotransmitter systems, including serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic systems, are often involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and associated behavioral presentations. Violence and aggression are complex behaviors but have shown some association with biochemical alterations in the brain, which can include changes in neurotransmitter levels.
On the contrary, changes in CRH and cortisol mentioned in the other options refer more to the stress response and depressive symptoms than directly to violence and aggression.