Final answer:
Examining the epiphysis of a long bone can reveal if the bone is still growing by the presence of the epiphyseal plate. Once growth stops and the plate becomes an epiphyseal line, it indicates that the person has reached early adulthood. The epiphysis also contains spongy bone and red marrow, essential for blood cell production.
Step-by-step explanation:
The epiphysis of a long bone provides important information about bone development and growth. The presence of the epiphyseal plate, or growth plate, is a key indicator that the bone is still growing. This plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the bone to lengthen. As a person reaches early adulthood, usually between the ages of 18-21, the cartilage is replaced by osseous tissue, and the epiphyseal plate becomes known as the epiphyseal line, signifying that growth in length has ceased.
Beyond growth indicators, the epiphyses are filled with spongy bone and red bone marrow, which are involved in the production of blood cells. This anatomical structure supports various functions including movement, support, and the maintenance of mineral homeostasis. In a growing child or adolescent, examining the epiphysis can also give clues about their developmental stage and bone health.