Final answer:
Heinrich Schliemann is famous for his excavations of Troy and Mycenae, inspired by Homer's epics, leading to the discovery of significant archaeological sites and artifacts, including the so-called 'Mask of Agamemnon'.
Step-by-step explanation:
Heinrich Schliemann is renowned for his work as an amateur archaeologist, particularly his excavations of the ancient sites of Troy and Mycenae. Utilizing Homer's 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey' as guides, he sought to uncover archaeological evidence that would align with these epic tales. In 1876, Schliemann discovered what he believed to be the remains of King Agamemnon and others at Mycenae, famously dubbed the 'Mask of Agamemnon,' but many of his claims have been reevaluated by modern archaeology. Despite his lack of formal training and the destruction of some archaeological layers during his enthusiastic excavations, Schliemann's discoveries were significant in demonstrating that there was a historical basis to Homer's stories, which had previously been considered entirely fictional.