Final answer:
Historical ecologists can be seen as both environmental and cultural determinists. Environmental determinism emphasizes the influence of physical environment on cultural practices, while cultural determinism focuses on human adaptation and the role of culture in shaping societies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Historical ecologists can be seen as both environmental and cultural determinists, depending on their approach and perspective. Environmental determinism views the physical environment as the primary factor shaping human cultures. It argues that environmental conditions like climate, topography, and soil characteristics influence cultural practices and the development of societies. While some historical ecologists may align with this perspective, it is important to note that environmental determinism has been widely criticized and rejected by many geographers and scholars. On the other hand, cultural determinism emphasizes the role of culture and human agency in shaping societies. Cultural ecologists and anthropologists focus on how humans adapt to various environments and develop cultural features that enable them to survive. They argue that technology, economics, family life, religion, and politics are fundamental aspects of culture that develop in response to environmental conditions. This perspective sees culture as a powerful force that shapes and influences the relationship between humans and the environment.