Final answer:
Matrilineal kinship systems trace descent and family ties through the female line, while patrilineal kinship systems trace descent and family ties through the male line. In matrilineal societies, children primarily belong to their mother's kin group, while in patrilineal societies, only males carry on the family surname.
Step-by-step explanation:
In matrilineal kinship systems, descent, and family ties are traced through the female line. In these societies, children primarily belong to their mother's kin group, and inheritance passes through the maternal line. Leadership is often exercised by senior men of the family, such as the maternal uncle, who makes decisions about family resources and discipline.
In patrilineal kinship systems, descent, and family ties are traced through the male line. Both males and females hold the patrilineal descent of their fathers, and males pass on the descent through their children. In patrilineal societies, such as rural China and India, only males carry on the family surname, giving them the prestige of permanent family membership while females are seen as temporary members.