Final answer:
Historical ecology views cultural ecology and HBE approaches as different methods to understand how human cultures change over time. Cultural ecology focuses on environmental factors that shape human adaptation, while HBE considers technology and economic factors as fundamental to culture.
Step-by-step explanation:
Historical ecology views and cultural ecology (of Steward) and the HBE (Human Behavioral Ecology) approaches as different methods to understand how human cultures change over time.
Cultural ecology, developed by Julian Steward, emphasizes the importance of environmental factors in shaping human adaptation to diverse environments. Steward's approach focuses on how different cultural groups develop core cultural features, such as food, clothing, and shelter, based on their surrounding environment.
On the other hand, HBE takes a broader perspective by considering technology, economics, family life, religion, and politics as fundamental elements that shape culture. Marvin Harris, an anthropologist, contributed to cultural materialism, which argues that technology and economic factors are key drivers of culture.