Final answer:
Spender in the story is enthralled by the Martian civilizations due to a deep appreciation for their historical achievements and the romanticized struggle they endured. The legacy of ideas about intelligent Martian life and the influence of science fiction on space exploration contribute to this fascination.
Step-by-step explanation:
In "June 2001:—And the Moon Be Still as Bright," Spender's fascination with the Martian civilizations stems from his deep appreciation of their achievements and what they represent. Historical examples, such as Percival Lowell's influential ideas on intelligent life and Martian canals, indicate humanity’s long-standing curiosity and the belief that Martian civilization had to be intelligent to create such advanced structures under harsh conditions. The sense of admiration and the tragic narrative of a civilization that fought against climate change resonate with Spender, leading him to romanticize and venerate the remnants of Martian society.
The influence of science fiction and space exploration narratives has perpetually fueled human interest in Mars, as evidenced by Carl Sagan's advocacy for the Solar System and the transformative nature of Star Trek and Star Wars. These stories and personal experiences with space reinforce the allure of the unknown and the possibility of advanced civilizations beyond Earth. Moreover, the historical landing of the Apollo astronauts on the Moon, despite its perceived disruption of the Moon's mystery, only augmented the public's fascination with celestial bodies and the potential for human exploration and understanding.