Question

During a workup you send a patient for an EEG. The results reveal shortened latency of REM sleep, decreased stage IV sleep, and increased REM density. These findings are most consistent with:

A. Tumor
B. Petit mal epilepsy
C. Hepatic encephalopathy
D. Delirium
E. Depression

Answer 1

Shortened latency of REM sleep, decreased stage IV sleep, and increased REM density are most consistent with depression.

Step-by-step explanation:

The findings of shortened latency of REM sleep, decreased stage IV sleep (also known as deep or delta sleep), and increased REM density are most consistent with E. Depression. These sleep patterns, particularly abnormalities in REM sleep, are often associated with depression. Shortened REM latency means that the individual enters REM sleep quicker than usual after falling asleep. Decreased stage IV (NREM) sleep indicates there is less deep sleep, which is restorative. Increased REM density refers to more rapid eye movements during REM sleep, which may relate to more intense dreaming or brain activity. Disturbances in these sleep parameters can be observed in individuals with depression.