Final answer:
Halifax is the capital of Nova Scotia, a province with a deep connection to British history, and it has held this status since 1696. Its importance was further affirmed when Nova Scotia joined the Dominion of Canada in 1867.
Step-by-step explanation:
The capital of the province that has Halifax as its capital is Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia's name has its origins in British colonialism, meaning "New Scotland", indicative of the province's historical ties with Great Britain. Halifax has been the capital of Nova Scotia since its inception as a separate entity from the Province of Massachusetts Bay, which had previously included Nova Scotia before it was split off in 1696.
Moreover, the significance of Nova Scotia, including its capital Halifax, was reinforced with the passing of the British North American Act in 1867. This act merged Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Province of Canada into the Dominion of Canada. This important historical event solidified Halifax's role as a provincial capital within the newly formed country.