Final answer:
Catharsis is the term that describes a strong purge of emotions experienced by characters in literature and drama, leading to negative emotional reactions that the audience can empathize with.
Step-by-step explanation:
In literature and drama, the term that describes a strong purge of emotions experienced by characters as they come to realizations, leading to negative emotional reactions that the audience can empathize with is catharsis. Aristotle defined catharsis as the effect that tragedy has on the audience, allowing them to experience pity and fear for the characters and ultimately purging these emotions. It is through this cathartic experience that the audience can gain a deeper understanding of human emotions and the consequences of actions.