Final answer:
In Greek dramatic performances, "songs" sung by the chorus functioned as an essential narrative, emotional, and philosophical component, offering commentary and engaging with the main characters, thereby deepening the storytelling and contributing to the audience's catharsis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The "songs" sung by the chorus in Greek dramatic performances are central to the evolution of Greek theater and play an essential role in the storytelling. These choral songs are elaborate lyrical pieces that are sung or chanted by the chorus, a group integral to the drama that provides narrative, thematic, and emotional commentary on the events of the play. Originating from religious rituals in honor of Dionysus, the god of wine and revelry, the chorus transitioned from hymns to a formalized part of theatrical productions. The chorus not only serves as a narrator but also engages with the main characters and influences the audience's perception of the narrative unfolding on stage.
During the height of Athenian drama, playwrights such as Sophocles and Euripides composed tragedies with rich musical and dance elements. These choral songs helped express the communal emotions and themes of the play, functioning as both a reflective mirror to the actions of the characters and as a moral and philosophical voice. Moreover, they added artistic depth through melody and rhythm, dovetailing with the poetry of the spoken dialogue.
The performances, often part of competitions during festivals like the City Dionysia in Athens, integrated the chorus seamlessly into the action, a practice championed by Sophocles. Through music, dance, and poetic lyrics, the chorus enhanced the spectacle of the play, contributing to the audience's experience of catharsis—an emotional purging that Greek society valued for its ability to restore rational thinking and civic harmony.