Final answer:
Primate evolutionary trends can be explained by theories such as the arboreal theory, visual predation hypothesis, and angiosperm theory, which suggest adaptations to arboreal living, predation strategies, and the rise of flowering plants, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primate evolutionary trends discussed in class are commonly explained as the result of ecological adaptations and evolutionary pressures. For example, the arboreal theory suggests that certain primate characteristics, such as opposable thumbs and big toes, developed as adaptations to life in trees. This enhanced dexterity and the ability to grasp branches enabled more efficient locomotion and access to food sources.
Another theory is the visual predation hypothesis, which contends that primate evolution, including traits like forward-facing eyes and grasping hands and feet, is an adaptation for hunting insects and other small prey. This is supported by the observation that other predators with similar characteristics, such as cats and owls, also have forward-facing eyes to aid in hunting.
Lastly, the angiosperm theory posits that the development of basic primate traits aligned with the rise of flowering plants. As these plants provided a new abundance of food resources, like nectar and fruits, primates adapted to exploit these sources with traits that facilitated fine motor skills and visual discrimination.