Final answer:
The question discusses the doctrine of original sin and human proclivity to commit evil, a concept rooted in Christian theology. The discussion covers Augustine's and Irenaeus's thoughts on the matter, as well as the philosophical challenges to the existence of an all-good deity in a world where evil persists. It also touches on the conservative view of human nature as fundamentally flawed without strong societal controls.
Step-by-step explanation:
The topic in question pertains to the concept of original sin and the resulting human inclination to engage in evil and sin, which is a central element in Christian theology.
This doctrine posits that the fall of man in the Garden of Eden introduced a corrupt nature into all human beings, leading to a predisposition towards sin.
Saint Augustine's views on the matter suggest that this condition can only be amended through divine grace, which redeems and transforms human nature.
Notably, the idea of original sin is intertwined with the concept of free will, indicating that while humans can choose good, they often willingly choose evil due to their flawed nature.
There is also a philosophical debate intertwined with this theological view which challenges the existence of an all-good and all-powerful deity in light of the presence of evil in the world.
This debate argues that since humans possess free will, they can choose actions that result in moral evil, such as acts of cruelty and injustice, as well as natural evil, evidenced by natural disasters that cause suffering.
Joseph de Maistre, a conservative thinker, believed that human nature is inherently evil and requires strong societal institutions to keep it in check.
Philosophers and theologians have struggled with the problem of evil and its implications for humanity and the concept of a benevolent creator deity.
The existence of evil in the world serves as a test or process for soul-making, refining human character towards greater moral and spiritual maturity according to thinkers like Irenaeus.
The complete question is: Disordered human desires resulting from original sin, inclination to sin, and choose evil. Elaborate!