Final answer:
Strategies to avoid conflict in historical contexts, such as those used by the Ju/'hoansi, Xinguanos, and Semai, ranged from tributes and hostages to treaties and cultural exchanges.
Step-by-step explanation:
The strategies by Ju/'hoansi, Xinguanos, and Semai to avoid conflict involve various tactics adapted to their respective historical and cultural contexts. The historical perspective shows us different approaches taken by tribes and nations when dealing with conflict, such as offering tributes, taking hostages for cultural exchanges, and establishing treaties as seen with the Ju/'hoansi, Xinguanos, and Semai, respectively.
- The Xiongnu, for instance, were involved in a complex relationship with their neighbours, the Chinese. At times they would submit tribes as vassals or received lavish gifts and princesses as brides to avoid conflict.
- The Mongols enforced a hierarchical system and adopted some Chinese political culture elements but also maintained a cultural distance to assert control.
- The strategies also included the adoption of foreign cultural elements, such as Tibetan-style Buddhism during the Qing dynasty, to foster a sense of shared culture and understanding.