Final answer:
Sedentism refers to the establishment of permanent settlements in contrast to nomadic lifestyles, often resulting from the practice of agriculture. It leads to increased population density, urbanization, and complex societies. Factors like urbanization, transportation, and access to resources influence settlement patterns.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sedentism is a settlement pattern characterized by the establishment of permanent settlements, where people live in one place for an extended period. This form of settlement differs from nomadic or semi-nomadic patterns, where populations move frequently in search of food, water, and other resources. Sedentism typically occurs when a society begins to practice agriculture, allowing them to store food and maintain a stable food supply.
Sedentism is associated with several critical changes, including increased population density, the development of social stratification, and the emergence of complex societies. Moreover, it is linked with the development of urbanization, as these permanent settlements can grow into villages, towns, and eventually cities. In terms of duration, sedentary communities are intended to be long-term, often lasting for generations, in contrast to the temporary camps of nomadic groups.
As per WG.6A and WG.6B, factors such as urbanization, transportation, access to and availability of resources, and economic activities are key influences on the size, distribution, and changing nature of settlements. These processes have been historically significant in altering and defining settlement patterns across the world.