Final answer:
Meiosis is the type of cell division that results in four genetically unique haploid daughter cells, which mature into gametes (sperm and eggs) through the process of gametogenesis. It involves two phases, crossing over for genetic diversity, and results in 23 chromosomes per gamete.
Step-by-step explanation:
Meiosis and Gametogenesis
Meiosis is a process of cell division that is essential for sexual reproduction. It ensures that sex cells, or gametes, have half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cells, making them haploid with 23 chromosomes. This reduction is achieved through two sequential phases of division, known as Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Each phase consists of four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.During Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes undergo crossing over, which results in the exchange of genetic material and increases genetic diversity in the resulting gametes. This process results in four genetically unique haploid daughter cells, which, through further development during gametogenesis, mature into sperm and eggs. In males, this process is called spermatogenesis, and in females, it is known as oogenesis. The production of diverse gametes contributes to the genetic variation observed in offspring resulting from sexual reproduction.