Final answer:
Darwin's postulates outline the foundational principles of natural selection and evolution, with inherited traits, competition for resources, and variation in offspring being key factors in the adaptive change of a population over time.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question deals with Darwin's postulates and the process of natural selection. Natural selection is the mechanism described by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace to explain adaptive evolution. Darwin proposed that natural selection results from three main principles: First, the inherited characteristics of organisms, which come from their parents. Second, the phenomenon of producing more offspring than can survive due to limited resources, leading to competition for survival and reproduction. Third, the variation among offspring in terms of inherited characteristics. Offspring with beneficial inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, ensuring such traits are passed on and become more common in subsequent generations. This leads to populations becoming better adapted to their environments over time, leading to evolution by natural selection. Darwin's ideas on evolution stand as a foundational concept in biology, providing insight into both the unity and diversity of life.