Question

Of the following, which is a way that Archaeological methods for studying populations of the past differ in regard to methods used to study populations of the present?

a-You can do ethnographic research on populations of the past, but not the present
b-Since populations of the past are no longer around, archaeologists don't have to abide by the usual ethics guidelines
c-Since many present populations that are being studied are nomadic, you have to rely more on what is left behind than you do with past populations
d-Oftentimes when studying populations of the past, an archaeological survey is needed

Answer 1

A key difference in studying past populations compared to present ones is the need for archaeological surveys and excavation to analyze artifacts and ecofacts. These methods differ from ethnographic and interactive methods used for contemporary populations due to the lack of living participants from ancient times.

Step-by-step explanation:

Archaeological methods for studying populations of the past differ from the methods used to study populations of the present in various ways. One key difference is that archaeological surveys are needed when studying past populations. Unlike present populations, those of the past have left behind physical remains but no living community to interview or observe directly. Therefore, archaeologists have to rely more on material culture, excavation, and analysis of artifacts and ecofacts to understand the ways in which ancient peoples lived. Whereas current populations can often be studied through methods like ethnography that include direct observation and interaction, these are not options when it comes to populations that have ceased to exist. Additionally, ethical considerations also change, as there are often no direct descendants or aren't individuals from the past to provide consent or feedback about the research.

Answer 2

Archaeological methods for studying populations of the past differ in regard to methods used to study populations of the present, such as the ability to do ethnographic research, the need for archaeological surveys, and reliance on ecofacts.

Step-by-step explanation:

In regard to the methods used to study populations of the past and the present, one way that Archaeological methods differ is that ethnographic research can be done on populations of the past, but not the present. Ethnographic research involves studying the cultural practices, beliefs, and behaviors of a specific group of people. Since populations of the past are no longer around, archaeologists can only rely on the artifacts and remains left behind to understand their cultures. Another difference is that when studying populations of the past, archaeologists often need to conduct archaeological surveys to locate and uncover artifacts and cultural remains. This is because the past populations and their settlements may not be readily visible or accessible. In contrast, when studying present populations, researchers may have the opportunity to directly interact with the people and observe their practices without relying solely on archaeological methods. Additionally, when studying present populations, especially nomadic ones, researchers may have to rely more on what is left behind than they do with past populations. For example, nomadic populations may not leave permanent settlements or structures, so researchers have to focus on ecofacts, such as seeds or animal bones, to understand their lifestyles and activities.