Final Answer:
(a) in the case of an aircraft other than a helicopter, (i) when operated during the day, to fly to the destination aerodrome and then to fly for 30 minutes at normal cruising speed, or
(ii) when operated at night, to fly to the destination aerodrome and then to fly for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed.
(b) In the case of a helicopter, to fly to the destination aerodrome and then to fly for 20 minutes at normal cruising speed.
Step-by-step explanation:
In VFR (Visual Flight Rules) operations, fuel requirements are specified to ensure the safety of the flight. For aircraft other than helicopters, during the day: (i), the requirement is to have enough fuel to reach the destination aerodrome and then fly for an additional 30 minutes at normal cruising speed. This accounts for unexpected delays or diversions.
At night (ii), when visibility is reduced, a longer endurance of 45 minutes is mandated to provide an additional margin of safety.
Now, for helicopters (b), irrespective of day or night, the requirement is to carry fuel that allows the aircraft to reach the destination aerodrome and then fly for 20 minutes at normal cruising speed. This considers the unique operational characteristics of helicopters and the need for a specified reserve duration.
These fuel requirements are crucial for ensuring that the aircraft has sufficient reserves for unexpected circumstances, promoting safety and adherence to regulations. The calculated durations take into account the specific challenges associated with day and night operations, as well as the differences in operational characteristics between fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters.