Question

The following factors must be considered and will affect takeoff performance:

a) obstacles in the takeoff path, headwind/tailwind, upslope/ downslope
b) runway contamination, runway length, and horsepower of the engine
c) runway contamination; runway length, and distance to your destination

Answer 1

When an airplane is heading for a runway in a crosswind, it needs to fly at a certain angle relative to the air mass in order to have a velocity parallel to the runway. The crab angle is determined by considering the direction of the runway, the wind speed and direction, and the speed of the plane relative to the air mass. The pilot may have to perform a last minute maneuver called a crosswind correction to align the plane's wheels with the runway.

Step-by-step explanation:

When an airplane is heading for a runway in a crosswind, it needs to fly at a certain angle relative to the air mass in order to have a velocity parallel to the runway. This angle is called the crab angle. The crab angle is determined by considering the direction of the runway, the wind speed and direction, and the speed of the plane relative to the air mass. The pilot may have to perform a last minute maneuver called a crosswind correction to align the plane's wheels with the runway.

To calculate the crab angle, you can use the formula:

Crab Angle = arcsin((Wind Speed * sin(Wind Direction - Runway Direction)) / (Velocity of Plane relative to Air Mass))

To calculate the speed of the airplane relative to the ground, you can use the formula:

Ground Speed = Velocity of Plane relative to Air Mass * cos(Crab Angle) + Wind Speed * cos(Wind Direction - Runway Direction)